1. Lead with your main idea. 紧扣中心思想

As a general rule, state the main idea of a paragraph in the first sentence--the topic sentence. Don't keep your readers guessing.通常，文章的第一句话就要表达出自己的看法，这也就是所谓的“主题句”。不要让读者去猜想。

2. Vary the length of your sentences.

变换句子的长度。

In general, use short sentences to emphasize ideas. Use longer sentences to explain, define, or illustrate ideas.一般来说，使用短句来强调中心思想，使用长句来解释、定义、或者阐述自己的想法。

3. Put key words and ideas at the beginning or end of a sentence.

把关键词和中心放在段落的始句或者尾句。

Don't bury a main point in the middle of a long sentence. To emphasize key words, place them at the beginning or (better yet) at the end.不要让中心埋没在段落中。想要强调关键词的话就把他们放在起始或者结尾。

4. Vary sentence types and structures.

变换句型和结构

Vary sentence types by including occasional questions and commands. Vary sentence structures by blending simple, compound, and complex sentences.穿插一般疑问句和命令句来变换句型。也可以用简单、复合或者复杂句来增加句子结构的种类。

5. Use active verbs.

使用主动动词

Don't overwork the passive voice or forms of the verb "to be." Instead, use dynamic verbs in the active voice.不要过度使用"to be"这些被动语态。在主动语态中使用主动动词吧。

6. Use specific nouns and verbs.

确切的使用名词和动词

To convey your message clearly and keep your readers engaged, use concrete and specific words that show what you mean.要想清楚的表达你的想法，让读者明白你的意思，就需要使用具体、确切的词语来表达。

7. Cut the clutter.

去除冗杂

When revising your work, eliminate unnecessary words.当你修改文章的时候，去除那些不需要的词语。

8. Read aloud when you revise.

朗读修改

When revising, you may hear problems (of tone, emphasis, word choice, and syntax) that you can't see. So listen up!当你朗读修改时，你可能听出那些不易于看出来的问题。比如说：语气语调，强调部分，一些词语的选择，句法。所以，仔细听听自己的朗读!

9. Actively edit and proofread.

积极的编辑、校对

It's easy to overlook errors when merely looking over your work. So be on the lookout for common trouble spots when studying your final draft.重读一遍自己的文章就很容易检查出错误。当检查最后的草稿时，请注意那些容易出错的地方。

10. Use a dictionary.

使用字典

When proofreading, don't trust your spellchecker: it can tell you only if a word is a word, not if it's the right word.在校对的时候不要相信那些拼写检查。它只能告诉你某个单词的拼写是否正确，不能告诉你这个词是否用对了。

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