(三)利用背景知识和常识

充分利用背景知识，可以降低文章难度，帮助考生解题。在解答完形填空题时，考生的英语语言知识应该与已储存在记忆中的有关世界的各种知识发生互动。因为完形填空的短文内容经常与日常生活相关，而有的东西对于我们来说就是常识，利用常识来帮助解题，的确可以提高解题效率。尤其是当考生对自己的语言知识不太自信时，可以充分利用社会知识和科普常识来帮助判断。

(四)解题要灵活。避免思维定势

这里的“灵活”，不仅指前面所提到的做题顺序要灵活，还指不要死板地套用一些知识，要根据题意灵活地运用所学知识来确定答案。同时，一定要避免思维定势，不要一看到某个词，就理所当然地认为它应该和哪个词搭配在一起，要充分考虑一下其他的选项，这样才能确定最终的答案。

其实，所谓解题技巧也是建立在扎实的基本功基础上的。所以，要做好完形填空题，最重要的还是要加强英语语言的基本功练习。在专业知识的基础上，再利用一些解题技巧和策略，可以极大地帮助提高解题效率。

下面以真题为例进行分析.以便考生能够熟悉前面所讲述的解题技巧。

Passage

In every cultivated language there are two great classes of words, which makes up the whole vocabulary. First, there are those words(56)which we become familiar in daily conversation,which we(57), that is to say, from the(58)of our own family and from our friends, and (59)we should know and use(60)we could not read or write. They (61)the common

things of life with all the people who(62)the language. Such words may be called "popular",since they belong to the people(63)and are not excluded(64)a limited class.

On the other hand, our language(65)a large number of words which are comparatively(66)used in ordinary conversation. Their meanings are known to every educated person, but there is little(67)to use them at home or in the market-place. Our(68)acquaintance(熟悉)with them comes not from our mother' s(69)or from the talk of our schoolmates,(70)frombooks that we read, lectures that we(71), or the more(72)conversation of highly educated speakers who are discussing some particular(73)in a style properly higher above the habitual (74)of everyday life. Such words are called "learned", and the(75)between them and the"popular" words is of great importance to a right understanding of language study process.

56. A. at

B. with

C. by

D. through

57. A. study

B. imitate

C. stimulate

D. learn

58. A. mates

B. relatives

C. members

D. fellows

59. A. which

B. that

C. those

D. ones

60. A. even

B. despite

C. even if

D. in spite of

61. A. mind

B. concern

C. care

D. relate

62. A. hire

B. apply

C. adopt

D. use

63. A. in public

B. at most

C. at large

D. at best

64. A. in

B. from

C. with

D. on

65. A. consists

B. consists of

C. makes

D. composeg

66. A. seldom

B. much

C. greatly

D. often

67. A. possibility

B. way

C. reason

D. necessity

68. A. primary

B. first

C. principal

D. prior

69. A. tips

B. mouth

C. ears

D. tongue

70. A. besides

B. and

C. yet

D. but

71. A. hear of

B. attend

C. hear from

D. listen

72. A. former

B. formula

C. formal

D. forward

73. A. theme

B. topic

C. idea

D. point

74. A. border

B. link

C. degree

D. extent

75. A. relation

B. distinction

C. connection

D. similarity

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