Smoking

Since 1939, numerous studies have been conducted to determine whether smoking is a health hazard. The trend of the evidence has been consistent and indicates that there is a serious health risk. Research teams have conducted studies that show beyond all reasonable doubt that tobacco smoking is associated with a shortened life expectancy.

Cigarette smoking is believed by most research workers in this field to be an important factor in the development of cancer of the lungs and cancer of the throat and is believed to be related to cancer of some other organs of the body. Male cigarette smokers have a higher death rate from heart disease than non-smoking males. Female smokers are thought to be less affected because they do not breathe in the smoke so deeply.

Apart from statistics, it might be helpful to look at what tobacco does to the human body. Smoke is a mixture of gases, vaporized chemicals, minute particles of ash and other solids. There is also nicotine, which is powerful poison, and black tar. As smoke is breathed in, all those components from deposits on the membranes of the lungs. One point of concentration is where the air tube and bronchus divides. Most lung cancer begins at this point.

Filters and low tar tobacco are claimed to make smoking to some extent safer, but they can only slightly reduce, not eliminate the hazards.

练习：

1. It is easy to determine whether smoking is hazardous.

A. RightB.WrongC. Not mentioned

2. Smoking reduces one's life expectancy.

A. RightB.WrongC. Not mentioned

3. Smoking may induce lung cancer.

A. RightB.WrongC. Not mentioned

4. There is evidence that smoking is responsible for breast cancer.

A. RightB.WrongC. Not mentioned

5. Male smokers have a lower death rate from heart disease than female smokers

A. RightB.WrongC. Not mentioned

6. Nicotine is poisonous.

A. RightB.WrongC. Not mentioned

7. Filters and low tar tobacco make smoking safer.

A. RightB.WrongC. Not mentioned

答案与解析：

1. B。 分析：利用题干中的hazardous作为答案线索词，这样直接在文章中找到包含答案相关词的句子(Since 1939, numerous studies have been conducted to determine whether smoking is a health hazard. )，判断该句的含义(为了确认是否吸烟会造成健康危害，人们已经进行了大量的研究工作)与问题句的含义不一致。

2. A。 分析：利用该句句意判断该句说法正确，这样答案可能是正确或没提到。利用题干中的life expectancy作为答案线索词，这样直接在文章中找到包含答案相关词的句子(Research teams have conducted studies that show beyond all reasonable doubt that tobacco smoking is associated with a shortened life expectancy.)，判断该句提到了“吸烟与寿命的缩短有关”，因此判断问题句的说法正确。

3. A。 分析：利用该句句意判断该句说法正确，这样答案可能是正确或没提到。利用题干中的lung cancer作为答案线索词，这样直接在文章中找到包含答案相关词的句子(Cigarette smoking is believed by most research workers in this field to be an important factor in the development of cancer of the lungs)，该句提到“大多数研究者相信吸烟是造成肺癌的一个重要因素”，因此可见问题句的说法与原文内容一致。

4. C。分析：利用题干中的breast cancer作为答案线索词，没有在文章中找到包含该答案线索词的句子所以判断问题句的说法为“没提到”。

5. B。 分析： 利用题干中的黑体词作为答案线索词，这样找到答案相关句(Male cigarette smokers have a higher death rate from heart disease than non-smoking males. Female smokers are thought to be less affected because they do not breathe in the smoke so deeply.)，该句说“男性吸烟者得心脏病的概率要比男性非吸烟者高。 女性吸烟者被认为患心脏病的的可能性要低些，因为她们吸烟的时候不会把烟深深的吸入肺里”，由此可见问题句中说的“男性吸烟者由于心脏病而造成的死亡率要比女性吸烟者低”与文章内容不一致。

6. A。 分析：利用该句句意判断该句说法正确，这样答案可能是正确或没提到。利用题干中的Nicotine作为答案线索词，这样直接在文章中找到包含答案相关词的句子(There is also nicotine, which is powerful poison, and black tar(焦油))，确认该句的说法与原文一致。

7. B。 分析：利用题干中的Filters作为答案线索词，这样在文章中找到直接答案相关句(Filters and low tar tobacco are claimed to make smoking to some extent safer, but they can only slightly reduce, not eliminate the hazards.)，该句说“过滤嘴只是稍许地减少了危险，并没有消除危险”，因此问题句说的“过滤嘴和低焦油香烟使吸烟更加安全”的说法与文章内容不一致。

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