37. The custom can be traced back to the roman era.
付小费这种习俗这种风俗可以追溯到古罗马时代。
38. A more common belief is tips were first given in the 18th century England.
付小费这种习俗源于18世纪的英国。
39. In America and Europe it is customary to tip anywhere from 10% to 20%.
在美国和欧洲，人们普遍的做法是以消费金额的百分之十到百分之二十来付小费的。
40. Today most people decide the size of tip according to the quality of the service.
现在，人们付小费的数量取决于享受的服务质量。
41. People who usually cannot afford it are the biggest tippers in front of their friends.
往往是那些付不起大额小费的人在朋友面前付小费最大方。
42. Many analysts suggest that this added pressure disproportionately touches the women, who already carry major responsibility for their own children.
许多分析家认为，对于那些已经承担了繁重的养儿育女责任的妇女们来说，这无疑是雪上加霜。
43. Perhaps the most important issue that emerges from the social trends just described is the impact of family instability and single parenting on children.
也许上述社会倾向所产生的最重要的问题是家庭的不稳定性及单亲家庭对儿童的影响。
44. When this happens, the government should decrease the salaries of the workers by raising taxes.
当这种情况发生时，政府应该通过增税来减少工人的工资。
45. While this might appear to be a positive step, it is actually regressive.
尽管这样做表面上看是一种积极的措施，可实际上却是消极的。
46. While this law is not without humor by today’s standards, it clearly shows an awareness of the problem in times gone by.
尽管这个法律按当今的标准来看是很滑稽的，但它却表明很久以前人们就已经估计到这一点了。
47. the motives for suicide can be categorized into areas such as failure, wrath(暴怒), the need for attention, stress, and so on.
人们自杀的原因分类很多，例如失败，暴怒，需要关注，压力等。
48. To make the problem even more involved, people will often camouflage(掩盖)their true feelings, thus causing their friends to disregard problems that should be viewed as serious.
这个问题更为棘手的是，自杀的人往往掩盖自己的真实情感，结果使周围的朋友也没有把需要严肃对待的问题当回事儿。
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